Feature 1946 · Acronym expansion pattern

11653. In the 19th century two advocates of this discipline were the French sinologists Marquis d' Hervey de Saint Denys and Alfred Maury. The field gained momentum in 1952, when Nathaniel Kleitman and his student Eugene Aserinsky discovered regular cycles. A further experiment by Kleitman and William C. Dement, then another medical student, demonstrated the particular period of sleep during which electrical brain activity, as measured by an electroencephalograph (EEG), closely resembled that of waking, in which the eyes dart about actively. This kind of sleep became known as rapid eye movement ( REM) sleep, and Kleitman and Dement's experiment found a correlation of.80 between REM sleep and dreaming. ¶ The independent and almost simultaneous confirmation of lucid dreaming by Stephen LaBerge of Stanford University and Keith Hearne encouraged further experiments and developments. ¶ == Field of work ==

2inequalities often stem from social structures that have institutionalized conceptions of gender differences. ¶ Marginalization occurs on an individual level when someone feels as if they are on the fringes or margins of their respective society. This is a social process and displays how current policies in place can affect people. For example, media advertisements display young girls with easy bake ovens (promoting being a housewife) as well as with dolls that they can feed and change the diaper of (promoting being a mother). When women are not the stereotypical housewife and mother, they have to face the consequences that come along with that. ¶ == The Politics of NGOs == ¶ Non-governmental organizations (NGO's) have the ability to create change. Certain NGO's, such as the Kiva (organization) promote women entrepreneurs. Currently, Kiva distributes loans to approximately 400 more women than men. However, even when women work at NGO's in order to create a voice and

3spam filters when sending email messages to its subscribers, in return for a pre-paid fee, either an annual or a per-message fee. A sender can then be more confident that his messages have reached their recipients without being blocked, or having links or images stripped out of them, by spam filters. The purpose of commercial whitelists is to allow companies to reliably reach their customers by email. ¶ Commercial providers include GoodMailSystems's Certified Email, Return Path Certification, eco's Certified Senders Alliance, and the Spamhaus Whitelist. ¶ == LAN whitelists == ¶ Another use for whitelists is local area network (LAN) security. Many network admins set up MAC address whitelists, or a MAC address filter, to control who is allowed on their networks. This is used when encryption is not a practical solution or in tandem with encryption. However, it's sometimes ineffective because a MAC address can be faked.

4gratification, and suggests that the tie between delayed gratification and ADHD could benefit from more investigation. ¶ Internalizing disorders. Difficulty delaying gratification also plays a role in internalizing disorders like anxiety and depression. A hallmark behavior in anxiety is avoidance of feared or anxiety-provoking situations. By seeking the immediate relief that comes with avoidance, a person is succumbing to the pull of instant gratification over the larger reward from overcoming the fear and anxiety that caused the avoidance. Procrastination, which is often a reflection of anxiety, is is clear example: A person avoids a dreaded task by engaging in a more enjoyable immediate activity instead. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a more jarring case of this anxiety-related struggle to delay gratification; someone with OCD is unable to resist compulsions that temporarily mitigate the torture of obsessive thoughts, even though these compulsions do not banish the obsessions in the long run. Depression is also associated with lower capacity to delay

5capable HID usage among most virtual world users is likely due to both the lack of penetration of 3D-capable devices into non-niche, non-gaming markets as well as the generally-higher pricing of such devices compared to 2-dimensional HIDs. Even those users who do make use of HIDs which provide such features as six degrees of freedom often have to switch between separate 3D and 2D devices in order to navigate their respectively-designed interfaces. ¶ Like video gamers, users of virtual world clients may also have a difficult experience with the necessity of proper graphics hardware (such as the more advanced graphics processing units distributed by Nvidia and AMD) for the sake of reducing the frequency of less-than-fluid graphics instances in the navigation of virtual worlds. ¶ == Application domains == ¶ == Tourism == ¶ Tourism has been much touted since the advent of Virtual Worlds, it started appearing in various forms with Second Life, with virtual representation

6to which the laws of chemistry and physics apply. ¶ The origins of Freud's basic model, based on the fundamentals of chemistry and physics, according to John Bowlby, stems from Brücke, Meynert, Breuer, Helmholtz, and Herbart. ¶ == Neuroscientific accounts == ¶ Mental energy has been repeatedly compared to or connected with the physical quantity energy. ¶ Studies of the 1990s to 2000s (and earlier) have found that mental effort can be measured in terms of increased metabolism in the brain. The modern neuroscientific view is that brain metabolism, measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging or positron emission tomography is a physical correlate of mental activity. ¶ Redirect to: ¶ English Qabalah ¶ Entertainment technology is the discipline of using manufactured or created components to enhance or make possible any sort of entertainment experience. Because entertainment categories are so broad, and because entertainment models the world in many ways, the types

7behavior in the threat of anxiety-evoking situations and to modify these thoughts to promote self-esteem and ability to properly cope with the given situation. ¶ Cognitive procedures are a form of treatment found to be ideal for older children with SAD. The theory behind this technique is that the child's dysfunctional thoughts, attitudes, and beliefs are what lead to anxiety and cause anxious behavior. Children who are being treated with cognitive procedures are taught to ask themselves if there is "evidence" to support their anxious thoughts and behaviors. They are taught "coping thoughts" to use during anxiety-inducing situations and to praise themselves for handling the situation bravely. ¶ == Pharmacological == ¶ Pharmacological treatment is used in extreme cases of SAD when non-pharmacological treatments fail, typically for school refusal. However, children with school refusal may have conditions other than SAD. Pharmacological management of SAD includes the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. ¶ == Prognosis ==

8of people based upon gender and it manifests itself differently according to race, culture, politics, country, and economic situation. It is furthermore considered a causal factor of violence against women. While gender discrimination happens to both men and women in individual situations, discrimination against women is an entrenched, global pandemic. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, rape and violence against women and girls is used as a tool of war. In Afghanistan, girls have had acid thrown in their faces for attending school. Considerable focus has been given to the issue of gender inequality at the international level by organizations such as the United Nations (UN), the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and the World Bank, particularly in developing countries. The causes and effects of gender inequality vary by country, as do solutions for combating it. ¶ == Asia == ¶ Many Malay Muslim communities believe that passion and desire carry derogatory connotations, especially when it is applied to humans. The Muslim Malays believe that women

9have "secure attachments." ¶ == Drugs affecting dreaming == ¶ Correlations between the usage of drugs and dreaming have been documented, particularly the use of drugs, such as sedatives, and the suppression of dreaming because of drugging effects on the cycles and stages of sleep while not allowing the user to reach REM. Drugs used for their stimulating properties ( cocaine, methamphetamine, and ecstasy) have shown to also decrease the restorative properties of REM sleep and its duration. ¶ == Dreaming disorders == ¶ Dreaming disorders are difficult to quantify due to the ambiguous nature of dreaming. However, dreaming disorders can be linked to psychological disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder expressed as nightmares. Research into dreaming also suggests similarity and links in illusory dreaming and delusions. ¶ == Post-traumatic stress disorder == ¶ Diagnostic symptoms include re-experiencing original trauma(s), by means of flashbacks or nightmares; avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma; and increased arousal, such as difficulty falling or

10affect the hormonal levels in women include hysterectomies. ¶ == Endogenous substances involved in sex drive == ¶ 5-HT1A agonist, as stabilizer; endogenously by serotonin (see below) ¶ Acetylcholine ¶ Androgens: testosterone ¶ Cortisol ¶ Dopamine ¶ Estrogens: estradiol ¶ MC4R agonist; endogenously by α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone ¶ Norepinehrine, positively or negatively ¶ Oxytocin ¶ Progesterone, negatively; increased during the week following ovulation ¶ Serotonin, negatively or positively. Low libido is a common side effect with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, but decrease in sexual desire may occur due to imbalance between excitatory neurotransmitters and inhibitory neurotransmitters, such as serotonin. ¶ Sex hormone-binding globulin, negatively ¶ In Mesopotamian demonology, Lilin were hostile night spirits that attack men. They had less power than gods. ¶ In Jewish mythology Lilin

11, childhood sexual abuse, sexual assault, and rape. Violence towards women can be physical or psychological and is not limited by race, economic status, age, ethnicity, or location. Women can be abused by strangers but often the abuser is someone the woman knows. Violence can have both short and long term affects on women and they react to the abuse in various ways. Some women express emotions such as fear, anxiety, and anger. Others choose deny it occurred and conceal their feelings. Often, women blame themselves for what happened and try to justify that they somehow deserved it. Among victims of violence, psychological disorders such as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and depression are common. In addition to the psychological ramifications, many women also sustain physical injuries from the violence which creates the necessity to seek medical attention. ¶ == Relational-Cultural Theory == ¶ Relational-Cultural Theory is based on the work of Jean Baker Miller, who's book Toward a New Psychology of

12dizziness; or balance problems. Many people with hypochondriasis accompanied by medically unexplained symptoms feel they are not understood by their physicians, and are frustrated by their doctors’ repeated failure to provide symptom relief. ¶ == Treatment == ¶ Common to the different approaches to the treatment of hypochondriasis is the effort to help each patient find a better way to overcome the way his/her medically unexplained symptoms and illness concerns rule her/his life. Current research makes clear that this excessive worry can be helped by either appropriate medicine or targeted psychotherapy. ¶ Recent scientific studies have shown that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs; e.g., fluoxetine and paroxetine) are effective treatment options for hypochondriasis as demonstrated in clinical trials. CBT, a talking therapy, helps the worrier to address and cope with bothersome physical symptoms and illness worries and is found helpful in reducing the intensity and frequency

13, and user-made changes to the world should be preserved. As defined by Mark W. Bell at Indiana University, a virtual world is a "synchronous, persistent network of people, represented as avatars, facilitated by networked computers." While the interaction with other participants is done in real-time, time consistency is not always maintained in online virtual worlds. For example, EverQuest time passes faster than real-time despite using the same calendar and time units to present game time. ¶ As virtual world is a fairly vague and inclusive term, the above can generally be divided along a spectrum ranging from: ¶ massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs), also called virtual game worlds, where the user playing a specific character is a main feature of the game ( Vanguard for example). ¶ massively multiplayer online real-life games (MMORLGs), also called virtual social worlds, where the user can edit and alter their avatar at will

14) experienced by lucid dreamers, hence there is an increased amount of activity in the parietal lobes making lucid dreaming a conscious process. ¶ Lucid dreaming has been researched scientifically, and its existence is well established. ¶ == Scientific history == ¶ The first book to recognize the scientific potential of lucid dreams was Celia Green 's 1968 study Lucid Dreams. Green analyzed the main characteristics of such dreams, reviewing previously published literature on the subject and incorporating new data from subjects of her own. She concluded that lucid dreams were a category of experience quite distinct from ordinary dreams, and predicted that they would turn out to be associated with rapid eye movement sleep (REM sleep). Green was also the first to link lucid dreams to the phenomenon of false awakenings. ¶ Philosopher Norman Malcolm 's 1959 text Dreaming had argued against the possibility of checking the accuracy of dream reports. However, the realization that eye movements performed in dreams may affect the dreamer

15yet the relative contribution of other factors, such as managerial skills and environmental context are unknown. ¶ At the institutional level, disciplinary climate and academic norms established by the school community and the mutual trust between home and school are major forms of social capital. These forms of social capital are found to contribute to student learning outcomes in East Asian countries such as Singapore, Korea, and Hong Kong. They have been shown to have a significant impact, not only on creating a learning and caring school climate, but also on improving the quality of schooling and reducing inequality of learning outcomes between social-class groups. ¶ == Internet influences on communities == ¶ Information and communication technologies ( ICT) affect various aspects of communities, including communications, social capital, friendships and trust. Internet has the most influence on communities due to its interactive nature and wide usage. According to Katz, Rice, Aspden (2001) “Internet has unique, even transformational qualities as a communication channel,

16similar? Cassie: Yes, Microsoft offers a comprehensive suite of cybersecurity solutions that can meet the needs of large organizations like LSEG, particularly through its **Microsoft Security** platform, which includes several advanced tools for enterprise-scale security: 1. **Microsoft Defender** – This is a broad platform offering endpoint protection (Defender for Endpoint), cloud security (Defender for Cloud), and threat intelligence, using AI and behavior analytics for proactive threat detection and response across devices, identities, and cloud resources. 2. **Azure Sentinel** – As a cloud-native Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) and Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response (SOAR) solution, Azure Sentinel provides real-time threat detection and response. It integrates with Microsoft and third-party systems, offering advanced analytics and automation capabilities well-suited for large, complex environments. 3. **Microsoft Entra and Identity Protection** – Microsoft Entra provides identity and access management solutions

17<bos>Iman: Now rewrite this for a business that is a financial data provider (LSEG) — and argue for tight integration with the organisation’s data management strategy (a built off a consistent data catalogue for data elements over which QoS metrics can be managed and surfaced for DORA audit) Cassie: ### Proposal for Integrating QoS Monitoring into SLA Monitoring and Data Management Strategy for LSEG #### Executive Summary This proposal recommends the integration of consistent Quality of Service (QoS) monitoring into Service Level Agreement (SLA) monitoring and tight alignment with London Stock Exchange Group’s (LSEG) data management strategy. This approach ensures that LSEG can meet the stringent requirements of the Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA) by leveraging a consistent data catalog to manage and surface QoS metrics for audit purposes. This integration will enhance operational resilience, compliance, and data quality. #### Background As a leading financial data provider, LSEG must maintain robust digital operational resilience to comply with

18businesses can now store and process vast amounts of data more efficiently, and metadata management has become a critical component of cloud-based data management systems. To effectively manage metadata, businesses need to adopt a robust metadata management framework that can support their data management needs. This involves defining clear metadata standards and policies, establishing governance processes for metadata, and integrating metadata management into the overall data management strategy. By doing so, businesses can ensure that they have a complete and accurate understanding of their data, and that they can derive maximum value from their data assets. Iman: Now go into depth on how AWS as an example framework has advanced this Cassie: Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a cloud-based platform that provides a range of services for data storage, processing, and management. AWS has been instrumental in advancing data modeling, ontologies, and metadata management, by providing a range of tools and services that enable businesses to manage their data more effectively. One key aspect of AWS

19IA Department of Computer Science King's College London http://www.kcl.ac.uk/schools/pse/dcs/events/colloquia/ ¶ Monday 11 February, 12:00, Room GFSB1 ¶ Behzad Bordbar (University of Birmingham) ¶ Title: A model-driven approach to bridge the gap between design and analysis of complex systems ¶ Abstract: With the increasing complexity of modern software systems, it is vital to concentrate on creating good design at earlier stages to avoid costly modifications. Modern software tools and Integrated Development Environment (IDE) provide extensive support for testing and profiling. Such tools are aimed at identifying design and implementation errors. To establish the absence of error techniques based on formalisms such as Z, CSP, Petri nets, among others, is required. Despite their maturity, formal method techniques are not adopted by

20IA Department of Computer Science King's College London http://www.kcl.ac.uk/schools/pse/dcs/events/colloquia/ ¶ Monday 11 February, 12:00, Room GFSB1 ¶ Behzad Bordbar (University of Birmingham) ¶ Title: A model-driven approach to bridge the gap between design and analysis of complex systems ¶ Abstract: With the increasing complexity of modern software systems, it is vital to concentrate on creating good design at earlier stages to avoid costly modifications. Modern software tools and Integrated Development Environment (IDE) provide extensive support for testing and profiling. Such tools are aimed at identifying design and implementation errors. To establish the absence of error techniques based on formalisms such as Z, CSP, Petri nets, among others, is required. Despite their maturity, formal method techniques are not adopted by

21Iman Poernomo ¶ Abstract: Service-oriented architectures (SOAs) consist of a group of independent com- putational services, with communication between services being managed and maintained via an external orchestration. An example SOA that has become increasingly common is a B2B system built from Java and .NET web services lo- cated within different companies, orchestrated by a BPML-based workflow man- agement middleware. The principle of workflow-oriented orchestration of services is not new. However, over recent years, the importance of performance-oriented service level agreements (SLAs) Self-adaptive systems are capable of changing their behaviour at runtime to meet target behavioural constraints. An important research question is how quality of service models can inform runtime adaptation. This paper presents a step towards solving this problem by application of dynamic programming, a form

22Iman Poernomo ¶ Abstract: Service-oriented architectures (SOAs) consist of a group of independent com- putational services, with communication between services being managed and maintained via an external orchestration. An example SOA that has become increasingly common is a B2B system built from Java and .NET web services lo- cated within different companies, orchestrated by a BPML-based workflow man- agement middleware. The principle of workflow-oriented orchestration of services is not new. However, over recent years, the importance of performance-oriented service level agreements (SLAs) Self-adaptive systems are capable of changing their behaviour at runtime to meet target behavioural constraints. An important research question is how quality of service models can inform runtime adaptation. This paper presents a step towards solving this problem by application of dynamic programming, a form

23Iman Poernomo ¶ Abstract: Service-oriented architectures (SOAs) consist of a group of independent com- putational services, with communication between services being managed and maintained via an external orchestration. An example SOA that has become increasingly common is a B2B system built from Java and .NET web services lo- cated within different companies, orchestrated by a BPML-based workflow man- agement middleware. The principle of workflow-oriented orchestration of services is not new. However, over recent years, the importance of performance-oriented service level agreements (SLAs) Self-adaptive systems are capable of changing their behaviour at runtime to meet target behavioural constraints. An important research question is how quality of service models can inform runtime adaptation. This paper presents a step towards solving this problem by application of dynamic programming, a form

24Iman Poernomo ¶ Abstract: Service-oriented architectures (SOAs) consist of a group of independent com- putational services, with communication between services being managed and maintained via an external orchestration. An example SOA that has become increasingly common is a B2B system built from Java and .NET web services lo- cated within different companies, orchestrated by a BPML-based workflow man- agement middleware. The principle of workflow-oriented orchestration of services is not new. However, over recent years, the importance of performance-oriented service level agreements (SLAs) Self-adaptive systems are capable of changing their behaviour at runtime to meet target behavioural constraints. An important research question is how quality of service models can inform runtime adaptation. This paper presents a step towards solving this problem by application of dynamic programming, a form

25: [None Given] ¶ Abstract: Service-oriented architectures (SOAs) consist of a group of independent com- putational services, with communication between services being managed and maintained via an external orchestration. An example SOA that has become increasingly common is a B2B system built from Java and .NET web services lo- cated within different companies, orchestrated by a BPML-based workflow man- agement middleware. The principle of workflow-oriented orchestration of services is not new. However, over recent years, the importance of performance-oriented service level agreements (SLAs) Self-adaptive systems are capable of changing their behaviour at runtime to meet target behavioural constraints. An important research question is how quality of service models can inform runtime adaptation. This paper presents a step towards solving this problem by application of dynamic programming, a form

262008-03-14] Subject: Computer Science Colloquium at King's, Monday 17 March at 12.00 ¶ PROGRAMME OF COLLOQUIA Department of Computer Science King's College London http://www.kcl.ac.uk/schools/pse/dcs/events/colloquia/ ¶ Monday 17 March, 12:00, Room GFSB1, Strand Building ¶ Laurence Tratt (Bournmouth University) ¶ "Embedded domain specific language implementation" ¶ While the concept of Domain Specific Languages (DSLs) continues to gain in popularity and importance, the means we have at our disposal to create them often don't reflect the way we wish to use them. DSLs tend to start small, yet the tools we use to implement them often lead to surprisingly large and cumbersome implementations

27To be proficient in domain specific metamodelling; ¶ o To be able to used advanced model transformation tools and techniques; ¶ o To be able to use the MOF and MDA ¶ o Model multiple views of software product lines using UML notation ¶ o Know modeling elements in software architecture for self-healing systems and their interactions between the modeling elements ¶ o Know how to develop MDA ¶ o Understand the mechanism for dynamic reconfiguration of software architecture ¶ o Know model transformation approach for checking concurrency properties of systems ¶ Syllabus ¶ · Metamodelling tools and techniques ¶ o The Meta-Object Facility ¶ · Software Product Line with UML ¶ · Software Architecture for Self-Healing Systems ¶ · Model Driven Architecture (MDA) ¶ · Dynamic Reconfiguration of Software Architecture ¶ · Model Checking ¶ Best, Iman -- ------- ¶ Iman Poernomo Department of Computer Science King

28\emph{Vorhandenheit}, or "presence-at-hand," describes entities as objective, stable, and contextually invariant—objects simply there for theoretical examination and categorization. Conversely, \emph{Ereignis}, the "event of appropriation," or "disclosure," signifies moments when entities reveal themselves freshly and contextually, reshaping our interpretive horizons and the very conditions of meaning. We like this phenomenology: adiabatic drift parallels \emph{Vorhandenheit}, while the semantic apocalypse of rupture mirrors \emph{Ereignis}. \subsection{Vorhandenheit and Adiabatic Drift} Within our Dynamic Attractor Type Theory, adiabatic drift characterizes the slow, continuous shifting of semantic fields—meanings migrate gradually and remain relatively stable, analogous to Heidegger’s notion of \emph{Vorhandenheit}. Here, semantic attractors are objects within our cognitive landscape that persist across contexts, much like Heidegger's "present-

29Quality of Service Management, AQuSerM at EDOC 2007, Maryland USA ¶ Call for papers EDOC 2007 workshop, Annapolis, Maryland U.S.A., 15th October, 2007 http://palab.dcs.kcl.ac.uk/aquserm/ ¶ Workshop theme --------------- ¶ Extended abstracts and full papers are sought for the AQuSerM: Advances in Quality of Service Management workshop at EDOC 2007. ¶ Service Level Management (SLM) is the process of managing the Quality of Service (QoS) demanded by clients and offered by providers. In the past, SLM approaches have focused on service contract definition, monitoring and reporting and have typically been handled by enterprise system management tools such as Microsoft?s SMS, CA?s Unicenter and Empirix?s One

30OC 2007, USA ¶ AQuSerM: Advances in Quality of Service Management Call for papers EDOC 2007 workshop, Annapolis, Maryland U.S.A., 15th October, 2007 http://palab.dcs.kcl.ac.uk/aquserm/ ¶ Workshop theme --------------- ¶ Extended abstracts and full papers are sought for the AQuSerM: Advances in Quality of Service Management workshop at EDOC 2007. ¶ Service Level Management (SLM) is the process of managing the Quality of Service (QoS) demanded by clients and offered by providers. In the past, SLM approaches have focused on service contract definition, monitoring and reporting and have typically been handled by enterprise system management tools such as Microsoft?s SMS, CA?s Unicenter and Empirix?s One